Foundations for Discovery: A Coordinated Fleet Approach to NASA Astrophysics

This white paper presents an analysis of Astro2020 science priorities and NASA’s future astrophysics mission architecture, advocating for a coordinated fleet of $1–2B missions, smaller than typical Flagship observatories, but strategically designed to complement them, i.e. a ``Next Generation Great Observatories" program. The study addresses opportunities in current mission planning, design, and implementation and proposes a strategic approach to maximize scientific return on investment while strengthening partnerships across NASA divisions, other government organizations, universities, and industry.