Charmonium production in low energy nuclear collisions at SPS and FAIR: achievements $\mathrm{\&}$ prospects

In this article, we review the status of the charmonium production in low energy fixed target proton-nucleus (p-A) and nucleus-nucleus (A-A) collisions as measured by different experimental collaborations at CERN-SPS, Fermilab and HERA accelerator facilities. The interplay of different cold and hot medium effects influencing the production of these $c\bar{c}$ bound states at low collision energies is discussed in detail. Prospect for upcoming charmonium measurements close to kinematic production threshold, in the CBM experiment at FAIR SIS100 and NA60+ experiment at CERN-SPS facilities are also investigated.