Dynamical cooling driven by self-similar fronts in the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger model

We analyze the dynamics towards partial thermalization and subsequent cooling in the defocusing two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger model, using direct simulations and insights from the wave-kinetic equations (WKE) and a fourth-order differential approximation model (DAM). We show that the evolving WKE spectrum exhibits two distinct similarity ranges–the quasi-thermal core and the ultraviolet tail–whereas in the DAM, an additional range of infrared self-similarity appears. By stretching the quasi-thermal region, the self-similar fronts drive an effective dynamical cooling process towards the formal but ill-defined equilibrium state at vanishing temperature–analogous to an ultraviolet catastrophe in a system of classical waves.