Massive black holes and their galaxies

Almost every galaxy in the local Universe is observed to have a massive black hole in the centre. The properties of these black holes are observed to tightly correlate with those of their host galaxy which has been interpreted as coevolution regulated by black hole feedback. This coevolution spans most of cosmic history, as the first active black holes, so-called active galactic nuclei, are already observed as early as $z\sim 10$. In this chapter, we lay out how we can find supermassive black holes, review what we know about the population of black holes and their host galaxies from observations, and summarise what we have learned about their coevolution across cosmic time from both observations and simulations.