Plane-wave representation for the Laplace--Beltrami equation on a sphere. Application to the Green's function

We propose an extension of the plane-wave representation for wave fields defined on the real sphere ${\mathcal{S}}^2$. This representation is well-known in the planar setting but has never been developed for curved surfaces. To achieve this, we need to carefully study the geometry of the complexification of ${\mathcal{S}}^2$ and the properties of the Laplace–Beltrami operator, while using concepts of multidimensional complex analysis. We extend the region of validity of such plane-wave representation by developing a sliding-contours method. Our methodology is illustrated through the study of the Green’s function on the real sphere.