The dimension of well approximable numbers

In this survey article, we explore a central theme in Diophantine approximation inspired by a celebrated result of Besicovitch on the Hausdorff dimension of well approximable real numbers. We outline some of the key developments stemming from Besicovitch’s result, with a focus on the Mass Transference Principle, Ubiquity and Diophantine approximation on manifolds and fractals. We highlight the subtle yet profound connections between number theory and fractal geometry, and discuss several open problems at their intersection.