An Explicit Tauberian Theorem taking Averaged Inputs with an Application to Counting Abelian Number Fields

Given a Dirichlet series $L(s)=\sum a_n{n}^{-s}$, the asymptotic growth rate of ${\sum }_{n\le X}{a}_n$ can be determined by a Tauberian theorem. Bounds on the error term are typically controlled by the size of $\mathrm{\mid }L(\sigma +it)\mathrm{\mid }$ for fixed real part $\sigma$. We modify this approach to prove new Tauberian theorems with error terms depending only on the average size of $L(\sigma +it)$ as $t$ varies, and we take care to track explicit dependence on various parameters. This often leads to stronger error bounds, and introduces strong connections between asymptotic counting problems and moments of $L$-functions. We provide self-contained statements of Tauberian theorems in anticipation that these results can be used ``out of the box’’ to prove new asymptotic expansions. We demonstrate this by proving square root saving error bounds for the number of $C_n$-extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ of bounded discriminant when $n=3$, $4$, $8$, $16$, or $2p$ for $p$ an odd prime.