Learning from user's behaviour of some well-known congested traffic networks

The traffic assignment problem (TAP) aims to predict how traffic flows distribute themselves across a road network, traditionally requiring computationally expensive iterative simulations to reach a user equilibrium (UE) where no driver can unilaterally reduce their travel time. Recent developments in machine learning (ML), particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and hybrid approaches, aim to solve this faster while maintaining accuracy