First-principles calculations of internal conversion processes in spin defects

Optically active spin defects are foundational for quantum technologies, yet common approximations underestimate their internal conversion (IC) rates by orders of magnitude. We propose a broad, predictive framework to compute IC rates that incorporates multi-configurational effects via many-body wavefunctions in TDDFT, and includes all-phonon-mode contributions via analytical non-adiabatic couplings. Our approach resolves discrepancies with experiment, achieving quantitative agreement for the NV${}^{-}$ center in diamond, and identifying a previously overlooked non-radiative channel in the divacancy triplet lifetime in SiC.