On the sharpness of bounds on the rate of growth of Lebesgue norms of the velocity in Navier-Stokes flows

In this paper we consider solutions $\mathit{u}$ of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes system and investigate sharpness of the a priori bound \begin{align*} \frac{d}{dt}|\boldsymbol{u}|_q^q \leq C|\boldsymbol{u}|_q^{q\frac{q-1}{q-3}}, \qquad q > 3. \end{align*} This bound is closely related to the Ladyzhenskaya-Prodi-Serrin conditions characterizing classical solutions of the Navier-Stokes system. Velocity fields maximizing the rate of growth $(d\mathrm{/}dt)\mathrm{\parallel }\mathit{u}{\mathrm{\parallel }}_q^q$ under certain constraints are found as solutions of a suitable optimization problem which is solved numerically using a Riemannian conjugate gradient approach. The results obtained for different $q$ and increasing values of $\mathrm{\parallel }\mathit{u}{\mathrm{\parallel }}_q$ indicate that the bound is indeed sharp, up to a numerical prefactor, and therefore cannot be fundamentally improved. Additionally, the results also suggest that the rate of growth $(d\mathrm{/}dt)\mathrm{\parallel }\mathit{u}{\mathrm{\parallel }}_q^q$ diverges as $q\to 3$.