The Higgs Mechanism and Higgs Boson: Unveiling the Symmetry of the Universe

The discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider marked a significant milestone in particle physics. The Higgs mechanism, a key theoretical framework, provides profound insights into the origin of particle masses and the spontaneous breaking of symmetries. In this review article, we delve into the fundamental aspects of the Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson physics while exploring related topics such as Noether’s theorem, gauge invariance, and the $U(1)$ and $SU(2)$ models. Additionally, we examine Goldstone’s theorem, the extension of the Higgs mechanism to $U(1)$ and $SU(2)$ models, and its role in the electroweak theory for understanding the masses of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons. Finally, we scrutinize the properties of the Higgs boson itself, its production mechanisms, and decay processes, shedding light on its significance in unraveling the mysteries of the universe.