Chordal Graphs and Distinguishability of Quantum Product States

We investigate a graph-theoretic approach to the problem of distinguishing quantum product states in the fundamental quantum communication framework called local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We identify chordality as the key graph structure that drives distinguishability in one-way LOCC, and we derive a one-way LOCC characterization for chordal graphs that establishes a connection with the theory of matrix completions. We also derive minimality conditions on graph parameters that allow for the determination of indistinguishability of states. We present a number of applications and examples built on these results.