Cell behavior in the face of uncertainty

Organisms that grow and survive in uncertain environments may need to change their physiological state as the environment changes. When the environment is uncertain, one strategy known as bet-hedging is to make these changes randomly and independently of the environment, to ensure that at least part of the population is well adapted. Organisms that collect information from their environment may also use this information to modulate their changes of physiological states. We review these different strategies and point out parallels with the theory of optimal financial investments.