Two-sample test of sparse stochastic block models

The paper discusses a statistical problem related to testing for differences between two sparse networks with community structures. The community-wise edge probability matrices have entries of order $O(n^{-1}\mathrm{/}\log n)$, where $n$ represents the size of the network. The authors propose a test statistic that combines a method proposed by Wu et al. \cite{WuTwoSampleSBM2022} and a resampling process. They derive the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic and provide a guarantee of asymptotic power against the alternative hypothesis. To evaluate the performance of the proposed test statistic, the authors conduct simulations and provide real data examples. The results indicate that the proposed test statistic performs well in practice.