Czochralski growth of tin crystals as a multi-physical model experiment

A new setup for Czochralski growth of model materials in air atmosphere has been developed. It includes various in-situ measurements to access the basic physical phenomena on a macroscopic level: heat transfer, electromagnetism, melt and gas flows, crystal stresses. A reference experiment with tin is performed and analyzed using simple analytical estimates as well as 2D numerical simulations with open source models. This study aims to improve the basic physical understanding of the Czochralski growth process and to provide a useful tool for education and research, both for non-specialists and scientists.