The Linear Stability and Basic Reproduction Numbers for Autonomous FDEs

In this paper, we first prove the stability equivalence between a linear autonomous and cooperative functional differential equation (FDE) and its associated autonomous and cooperative system without time delay. Then we present the theory of basic reproduction number ${\mathcal{R}}_0$ for general autonomous FDEs. As an illustrative example, we also establish the threshold dynamics for a time-delayed population model of black-legged ticks in terms of ${\mathcal{R}}_0$.