The Harris-Venkatesh conjecture for derived Hecke operators I: imaginary dihedral forms

The Harris-Venkatesh conjecture posits a relationship between the action of derived Hecke operators on weight-one modular forms and Stark units. We prove the full Harris-Venkatesh conjecture for imaginary dihedral weight-one modular forms. This reproves results of Darmon-Harris-Rotger-Venkatesh, extends their work to the adelic setting, and removes all assumptions on primality and ramification from the imaginary dihedral case of the Harris-Venkatesh conjecture. This is accomplished by introducing two new key ingredients: the Harris–Venkatesh period on modular curves and the two-variable optimal form.