Acceleration gradients in dielectric laser accelerators with triangular-shaped gratings

The study investigated transparent on-chip structures with a rectangular profile and triangular profiles with grating ridge base angles of $\alpha ={36}^{\circ }$, ${30}^{\circ }$, and ${20}^{\circ }$. Each triangular structure had both left- and right-handed profile orientations. For all variants, a modified version with a reflective gold coating was additionally considered. The maximum energy gains and accelerating gradients were determined and quantified for all structure classes: transparent and reflective (with both rectangular and triangular profiles).