Quadratically Regularized Optimal Transport: nearly optimal potentials and convergence of discrete Laplace operators

We consider the conjecture proposed in Matsumoto, Zhang and Schiebinger (2022) suggesting that optimal transport with quadratic regularisation can be used to construct a graph whose discrete Laplace operator converges to the Laplace–Beltrami operator. We derive first order optimal potentials for the problem under consideration and find that the resulting solutions exhibit a surprising resemblance to the well-known Barenblatt–Prattle solution of the porous medium equation. Then, relying on these first order optimal potentials, we derive the pointwise $L^2$-limit of such discrete operators built from an i.i.d. random sample on a smooth compact manifold. Simulation results complementing the limiting distribution results are also presented.