Cosmic Census: Relative Distributions of Dark Matter, Galaxies and Diffuse Gas

Galaxies, diffuse gas, and dark matter make up the cosmic web that defines the large-scale structure of the Universe. We constrained the joint distribution of these constituents by cross-correlating galaxy samples binned by stellar mass from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey CMASS catalog with maps of lensing convergence and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect from the Planck mission. Fitting a halo-based model to our measured angular power spectra (galaxy-galaxy, galaxy-lensing convergence, and galaxy-tSZ) at a median redshift of $z=0.53$, we detected variation with stellar mass of the galaxy satellite fraction and galaxy spatial distribution within host halos. We find a tSZ-halo hydrostatic mass bias, $b_h$, such that $(1-b_h)=0.6\pm 0.05$, with a hint of a larger bias, $b_h$, at the high stellar mass end. The normalization of the galaxy-cosmic microwave background lensing convergence cross-power spectrum shows that galaxies trace the matter distribution without an indication of stochasticity ($A=0.98\pm 0.09$). We forecast that next-generation cosmic microwave background experiments will improve the constraints on the hydrostatic bias by a factor of two and will be able to constrain the small-scale distribution of dark matter, hence informing the theory of feedback processes.