Resonances in a single-lead reflection from a disordered medium: $\sigma$-model approach

Using the framework of supersymmetric non-linear $\sigma$-model we develop a general non-perturbative characterisation of universal features of the density $\rho (\mathrm{\Gamma })$ of the imaginary parts (width'') for $S$-matrix poles (resonances’') describing waves incident and reflected from a disordered medium via $M$-channel waveguide/lead. Explicit expressions for $\rho (\mathrm{\Gamma })$ are derived for several instances of systems with broken time-reversal invariance, in particular for quasi-1D and 3D media. In the case of perfectly coupled lead with a few channels ($M\sim 1$) the most salient features are tails $\rho (\mathrm{\Gamma })\sim {\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{-1}$ for narrow resonances reflecting exponential localization and $\rho (\mathrm{\Gamma })\sim {\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{-2}$ for broad resonances reflecting states located in the vicinity of the attached wire. For multimode quasi 1D wires with $M\gg 1$, an intermediate asymptotics $\rho (\mathrm{\Gamma })\sim {\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{-3\mathrm{/}2}$ is shown to emerge reflecting diffusive nature of decay into wide enough contacts.