Did JWST observe imprints of axion miniclusters or primordial black holes?

The James Webb Space Telescope has detected surprisingly luminous early galaxies that indicate a tension with the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM. Motivated by scenarios including axion miniclusters or primordial black holes, we consider power-law modifications of the matter power spectrum. We show that the tension could be resolved if dark matter consists of $2\times {10}^{-18}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ axions or if a fraction $f_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{H}}>0.005$ of dark matter is composed of compact heavy $4\times {10}^6{M}_{\odot }(f_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{H}}\mathrm{/}0.005{)}^{-1}$ structures such as primordial black hole clusters. However, in both cases, the star formation efficiency needs to be significantly enhanced.