Ultimate speed of the supercurrent and its pairing mechanism

Recently, the room-temperature superconductor (RTSC) was discovered as a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice made of a metal wherein positive charges, i.e. holes, were heavily concentrated. The experimental result for the critical magnetic field $H_c$ was fully consistent with the view on the RTSC that its lattice unit – a metal island – is filled with the Slater’s atoms. Each Slater’s atom has the expanded diameter of 14.5 nm in order to have perfect diamagnetism with the magnitude corresponding to a single flux quantum ${\phi }_0$. Its expanded orbit is associated with the fine structure constant $\alpha \approx \frac{1}{137}$. In this paper, another important critical value – the critical current $I_c$ – is reported. It was found that the supercurrent has achieved the ultimate speed of matter, i.e., the speed of light, $c$. Beginning with a warm-up exercise for the Bohr’s atom, how the Slater’s atom is formed and why the $c$ appears are shown. These considerations lead to a simple view on the pairing mechanism of superconductivity, which also gives an ample indication of the most mysterious physical number $\alpha$. Finally, it is shown that the proposed pairing mechanism in terms of London’s canonical momentum naturally generates the perfect diamagnetic ${\phi }_0$ of the Slater’s atom, and the superconducting energy gap $\mathrm{\Delta }$ is predicted.