A recognition principle for iterated suspensions as coalgebras over the little cubes operad

Our main result is a recognition principle for iterated suspensions as coalgebras over the little disks operads. Given a topological operad, we construct a comonad in pointed topological spaces endowed with the wedge product. We then prove an approximation theorem that shows that the comonad associated to the little $n$-cubes operad is weakly equivalent to the comonad ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^n{\mathrm{\Omega }}^n$ arising from the suspension-loop space adjunction. Finally, our recognition theorem states that every little $n$-cubes coalgebra is homotopy equivalent to an $n$-fold suspension. These results are the Eckmann–Hilton dual of May’s foundational results on iterated loop spaces.