Value of Bidirectional V2G Smart Charging Responsive Services: Insights from a Simple CA Model

In this paper, particle-hopping cellular automaton (CA) models of elastic demand are used to investigate the value added to plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) aggregators by adopting vehicle-to-grid (V2G) responsive services. CA models used earlier to study load-sifting responses are modified to capture discharge/ recharge capabilities of V2G. Results on ramping responses from CA are then analysed to discuss the small contribution to system controllability added by V2G responsive services.