Extensions of positive symmetric operators and Krein's uniqueness criteria

We revise Krein’s extension theory of positive symmetric operators. Our approach using factorization through an auxiliary Hilbert space has several advantages: it can be applied to non-densely defined transformations and it works in both real and complex spaces. As an application of the results and the construction we consider positive self-adjoint extensions of the modulus square operator $T^{\ast }T$ of a densely defined linear transformation $T$ and bounded self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator. Krein’s results on the uniqueness of positive (respectively, norm preserving) self-adjoint extensions are also revised.