Certain properties involving the unbounded operators $p(T)$, $T{T}^{\ast }$, and $T^{\ast }T$; and some applications to powers and $nth$ roots of unbounded operators

In this paper, we are concerned with conditions under which $[p(T){]}^{\ast }=\bar{p}(T^{\ast })$, where $p(z)$ is a one-variable complex polynomial, and $T$ is an unbounded, densely defined, and linear operator. Then, we deal with the validity of the identities $\sigma (AB)=\sigma (BA)$, where $A$ and $B$ are two unbounded operators. The equations $(T{T}^{\ast }{)}^{\ast }=T{T}^{\ast }$ and $(T^{\ast }T{)}^{\ast }=T^{\ast }T$, where $T$ is a densely defined closable operator, are also studied. A particular interest will be paid to the equation $T^{\ast }T=p(T)$ and its variants. Then, we have certain results concerning $nth$ roots of classes of normal and nonnormal (unbounded) operators. Some further consequences and counterexamples accompany our results.