Let be a semigroup (written multiplicatively). Endowed with the operation of setwise multiplication induced by on its parts, the non-empty subsets of form themselves a semigroup, denoted by . Accordingly, we say that a semigroup is globally isomorphic to a semigroup if is isomorphic to ; and that a class of semigroups is globally closed if a semigroup in can only be globally isomorphic to an isomorphic copy of a semigroup in the same class. We show that the classes of groups, torsion-free monoids, and numerical monoids are each globally closed. The first result extends a 1967 theorem of Shafer, while the last relies non-trivially on the second and on a classical theorem of Kneser from additive number theory.

生成讲解博客的中文版本

生成AI智能校验的中文版本