Resolution of challenging problems in quantum cosmology with electromagnetic radiation

We investigate the quantum cosmology of a closed spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) minisuperspace model with electromagnetic radiation as matter content. We solve the corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt equation by utilizing Riemann’s zeta function regularization method. We demonstrate that the regularized vacuum energy of the electromagnetic field can overcome factor ordering, boundary conditions, and singularity problems.