Reproduction of the electronic and magnetic structure of the low symmetry sites of Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$ doped with Sm${}^{3+}$ via a parameterized crystal-field model

Parametrized crystal-field analyses are presented for both the six and seven fold coordinated, C${}_1$ symmetry Sm${}^{3+}$ centers in Y${}_2$SiO${}_5$, based on extensive spectroscopic data spanning the infrared to optical regions. Laser site-selective excitation and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as Zeeman absorption spectroscopy performed along multiple crystallographic directions has been utilised, in addition to previously determined $g$ tensors for the ${}^6$H${}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$Z${}_1$ and ${}^4$G${}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$A${}_1$ states. The resultant analyses give good approximation to the experimental energy levels and magnetic splittings, yielding crystal-field parameters consistent with the few other lanthanide ions for which such analyses are available.