Proton and neutron exchange as a prelude to fusion at near-barrier energies

Systematic examination of fusion for ${}^{39,41,45,47}$K + ${}^{28}$Si and ${}^{36,44}$Ar + ${}^{28}$Si provides insight into the impact of neutron and proton exchange on fusion for nuclei at and near the N=20 and N=28 shells. Comparison of the reduced excitation functions reveals a marked difference between the behavior of open-shell and closed-shell systems. While coupled channels calculations provide a good description for the closed-shell nuclei they significantly under-predict the fusion cross-section for open-shell nuclei. The observed trends are examined in the context of a potential energy surface, including shell effects, and multi-nucleon exchange with consideration of Pauli-blocking.