First Eigenvalue of Jacobi operator and Rigidity Results for Constant Mean Curvature Hypersurfaces

In this paper, we obtain geometric upper bounds for the first eigenvalue ${\lambda }_1(J)$ of the Jacobi operator for both closed and compact with boundary hypersurfaces having constant mean curvature (CMC). As an application, we derive new rigidity results for the area of CMC hypersurfaces under suitable conditions on ${\lambda }_1(J)$ and the curvature of the ambient space. We also address the Jacobi–Steklov problem, proving geometric upper bounds for its first eigenvalue ${\sigma }_1(J)$ and deriving rigidity results related to the length of the boundary. Additionally, we present some results in higher dimensions related to the Yamabe invariants.