Miura transformations and large-time behaviors of the Hirota-Satsuma equation

The good Boussinesq equation has several modified versions such as the modified Boussinesq equation, Mikhailov-Lenells equation and Hirota-Satsuma equation. This work builds the full relations among these equations by Miura transformation and invertible linear transformations and draws a pyramid diagram to demonstrate such relations. The direct and inverse spectral analysis shows that the solution of Riemann-Hilbert problem for Hirota-Satsuma equation has simple pole at origin, the solution of Riemann-Hilbert problem for the good Boussinesq equation has double pole at origin, while the solution of Riemann-Hilbert problem for the modified Boussinesq equation and Mikhailov-Lenells equation doesn’t have singularity at origin. Further, the large-time asymptotic behaviors of the Hirota-Satsuma equation with Schwartz class initial value is studied by Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent analysis. In such initial condition, the asymptotic expressions of the Hirota-Satsuma equation and good Boussinesq equation away from the origin are derived and it is shown that the leading term of asymptotic formulas matches well the direct numerical simulations.