Effect of oblique irradiation on the onset of thermal phototactic bioconvection in non-scattering medium

The linear stability of a suspension of phototactic algae is investigated numerically with particular emphasis on the effects of the angle of incidence of the illuminating oblique collimated irradiation with thermal effects. The suspension is illuminated by the oblique collimated irradiation from the top and heated/cooled from the bottom. The linear stability analysis shows that the suspension becomes more unstable as the angle of incidence increases.