Nonradiating sources of Maxwell's equations

This paper presents a thorough investigation into nonradiating sources of Maxwell’s equations. Various characterizations are developed to clarify the properties of nonradiating sources, considering their varying degrees of regularity. Furthermore, the characterizations are examined on far-field patterns and near-field data of the electric field, along with the null spaces of integral operators. The study includes the explicit construction of several illustrative examples to demonstrate the presence of nonradiating sources in different null spaces.