Congruences of modular forms and modularity of Tate-Shafarevich classes

We prove, under suitable assumptions, that $p$-torsion Tate-Shafarevich classes for elliptic curves over the rationals are visible in quotients of Jacobians of modular curves, as predicted by a conjecture of Jetchev-Stein. The key ingredient is the non-triviality of the Bertolini-Darmon bipartite Kolyvagin system, which implies that suitable cohomology classes of the system form a basis of the Selmer group modulo $p$.