Non-Equilibrium Fluidization of Dense Active Suspension

We investigate dense suspensions of swimming bacteria prepared in a nutrient-exchange chamber. Near the pellet concentration, nonthermal fluctuations showed notable agreement between self and collective behaviors, a phenomenon not previously observed at equilibrium. The viscosity of active suspensions dramatically decreased compared to their inactive counterparts, where glassy features, such as non-Newtonian viscosity and dynamic heterogeneity, disappeared. Instead, the complex shear modulus showed a power-law rheology,$G^{\ast }(\omega )\propto {(-i\omega )}^{\frac{1}{2}}$, indicating the role of bacterial activity in driving the system towards a critical jamming state.