On Kemeny's constant and stochastic complement

Given a stochastic matrix $P$ partitioned in four blocks $P_{ij}$, $i,j=1,2$, Kemeny’s constant $\kappa (P)$ is expressed in terms of Kemeny’s constants of the stochastic complements $P_1=P_{11}+P_{12}(I-P_{22}{)}^{-1}{P}_{21}$, and $P_2=P_{22}+P_{21}(I-P_{11}{)}^{-1}{P}_{12}$. Specific cases concerning periodic Markov chains and Kronecker products of stochastic matrices are investigated. Bounds to Kemeny’s constant of perturbed matrices are given. Relying on these theoretical results, a divide-and-conquer algorithm for the efficient computation of Kemeny’s constant of graphs is designed. Numerical experiments performed on real-world problems show the high efficiency and reliability of this algorithm.