All About the Galilean Group SGal(3)

We consider the Galilean group of transformations that preserve spatial distances and absolute time intervals between events in spacetime. The special Galilean group, SGal(3), is a 10-dimensional Lie group; we examine the structure of the group and its Lie algebra and discuss the representation of uncertainty on the group manifold. Along the way, we mention several other groups, including the special orthogonal group, the special Euclidean group, and the group of extended poses, all of which are proper subgroups of the Galilean group. We describe the role of time in Galilean relativity and touch on the relationship between temporal and spatial uncertainty.