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The Thouless charge pump represents a transfer of electric charge through a gapped one-dimensional system between its zero-dimensional boundaries under a periodic change of a parameter. The value of the passed charged during a single cycle is known to be a topological invariant. We construct an analogous topological invariant that measures a pump of Hall conductance inside of three-dimensional material between its two-dimensional boundaries.

生成讲解博客的中文版本

生成AI智能校验的中文版本