Global Uniform Ultimate Boundedness of Semi-Passive Systems Interconnected over Directed Graphs

We analyse the solutions of networked heterogeneous nonlinear systems. We assume that the closed-loop interconnected systems form a network with an underlying connected directed graph that contains a directed spanning tree. For these systems, we establish global uniform ultimate boundedness of the solutions, under the assumption that each agent’s dynamics defines a semi-passive. As a corollary, we also establish global uniform global boundedness of the solutions.