Link between supercurrent diode and anomalous Josephson effect revealed by gate-controlled interferometry

In Josephson diodes the asymmetry between positive and negative current branch of the current-phase relation leads to a polarity-dependent critical current and Josephson inductance. The supercurrent nonreciprocity can be described as a consequence of the anomalous Josephson effect – a ${\phi }_0$-shift of the current-phase relation – in multichannel ballistic junctions with strong spin-orbit interaction. In this work, we simultaneously investigate ${\phi }_0$-shift and supercurrent diode efficiency on the same Josephson junction by means of a superconducting quantum interferometer. By electrostatic gating, we reveal a direct link between ${\phi }_0$-shift and diode effect. Our findings show that the supercurrent diode effect mainly results from magnetochiral anisotropy induced by spin-orbit interaction in combination with a Zeeman field.