Laurent family of simple modules over quiver Hecke algebra

We introduce the notions of quasi-Laurent and Laurent families of simple modules over quiver Hecke algebras of arbitrary symmetrizable types. We prove that such a family plays a similar role of a cluster in the quantum cluster algebra theory and exhibits a quantum Laurent positivity phenomenon for the basis of the quantum unipotent coordinate ring ${\mathcal{A}}_q(\mathfrak{n}(w))$, coming from the categorification. Then we show that the families of simple modules categorifying GLS-clusters are Laurent families by using the PBW-decomposition vector of a simple module $X$ and categorical interpretation of (co-)degree of $[X]$. As applications of such $\mathbb{Z}$-vectors, we define several skew symmetric pairings on arbitrary pairs of simple modules, and investigate the relationships among the pairings and $\mathrm{\Lambda }$-invariants of R-matrices in the quiver Hecke algebra theory.