Comparison of Different Rydberg Atom-Based Microwave Electrometry Techniques

In this study, we have compared different Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry techniques under the same experimental conditions and using the same Rydberg states ($68S_{1\mathrm{/}2}$, $68P_{3\mathrm{/}2}$ and $67P_{3\mathrm{/}2}$). The comparison was carried out for the following techniques: i) Auxiliary microwave field, ii) Microwave amplitude modulation, and iii) Polarization spectroscopy. Our results indicate that all three techniques have a similar minimum measurable microwave electric field. A slightly better result can be obtained by performing polarization spectroscopy using a Laguerre-Gauss coupling laser beam.