Motivic homotopy theory with ramification filtrations

The aim of this paper is to connect two important and apparently unrelated theories: motivic homotopy theory and ramification theory. We construct motivic homotopy categories over a qcqs base scheme $S$, in which cohomology theories with ramification filtrations are representable. Every such cohomology theory enjoys basic properties such as the Nisnevich descent, the cube-invariance, the blow-up invariance, the smooth blow-up excision, the Gysin sequence, the projective bundle formula and the Thom isomorphism. In case $S$ is the spectrum of a perfect field, the cohomology of every reciprocity sheaf is upgraded to a cohomology theory with a ramification filtration represented in our categories. We also address relations of our theory with other non-${\mathbb{A}}^1$-invariant motivic homotopy theories such as the logarithmic motivic homotopy theory of Binda, Park, and Østvær and the theory of motivic spectra of Annala-Iwasa.