Renormalization-Inspired Effective Field Neural Networks for Scalable Modeling of Classical and Quantum Many-Body Systems

We introduce Effective Field Neural Networks (EFNNs), a new architecture based on continued functions – mathematical tools used in renormalization to handle divergent perturbative series. Our key insight is that neural networks can implement these continued functions directly, providing a principled approach to many-body interactions. Testing on three systems (a classical 3-spin infinite- range model, a continuous classical Heisenberg spin system, and a quantum double exchange model), we find that EFNN outperforms standard deep networks, ResNet, and DenseNet. Most striking is EFNN’s generalization: trained on $10\times 10$ lattices, it accurately predicts behavior on systems up to $40\times 40$ with no additional training – and the accuracy improves with system size, with a computational time speed-up of ${10}^3$ compared to ED for $40\times 40$ lattice. This demonstrates that EFNN captures the underlying physics rather than merely fitting data, making it valuable beyond many-body problems to any field where renormalization ideas apply.