The bilinear fermionic form for KP and BKP hierarchies

For a tau-function of the KP or BKP hierarchy, we introduce the notion of lifting operator and derive an equation connecting the corresponding fermionic two-point function and fermionic one-point function through the lifting operator. This provides an effective approach to determine the fermionic two-point function of the tau-function from the lifting operator and the fermionic one-point function. As practical applications, we derive concise formulas for the fermionic two-point functions of several models, like the $r$-spin model and the Br{' e}zin–Gross–Witten model, which respectively serve as examples for KP and BKP tau-functions.