We consider an initial value problem for time-fractional evolution equation in Banach space : Here is an -valued function defined in , and is an initial value. The operator satisfies a decay condition of resolvent which is common as a generator of analytic semigroup, and in particular, we can treat a case over a bounded domain and a uniform elliptic operator within our framework. First we construct a solution operator by means of -valued Laplace transform, and we establish the well-posedness of (*) in classes such as weak solution and strong solutions. We discuss also mild solutions local in time for semilinear time-fractional evolution equations. Finally we apply the result on the well-posedness to an inverse problem of determining an initial value and we establish the uniqueness for the inverse problem.

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