Conformal-biharmonic hypersurfaces in spheres and product spaces

The conformal-bienergy functional $E_2^c$ is a modified version of the classical bienergy functional $E_2$ and it is conformally invariant in the case of a four-dimensional domain. The critical points of $E_2^c$ are called conformal-biharmonic and denoted $c$-biharmonic. In the first part of the paper we study the $c$-biharmonic hypersurfaces $M^m$ with constant principal curvatures in the product space ${\mathbb{L}}^m(\epsilon )\times \mathbb{R}$, where ${\mathbb{L}}^m(\epsilon )$ denotes a space form of constant sectional curvature $\epsilon$. Specifically, we demonstrate that $M^m$ is either totally geodesic or a cylindrical hypersurface of the form $M^{m-1}\times \mathbb{R}$, where $M^{m-1}$ is an iso-parametric $c$-biharmonic hypersurface in ${\mathbb{L}}^m(\epsilon )$. In the second part of this article we obtain a full description of isoparametric $c$-biharmonic hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb{S}}^{m+1}$ and a complete classification of $c$-biharmonic hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in ${\mathbb{S}}^{m+1}$, $m=2,3$ and $m=4$ with an additional assumption. In this context, we shall also prove a global result for compact $c$-biharmonic immersions in ${\mathbb{S}}^5$. In the final part of the paper, as a preliminary effort to understand $c$-biharmonic hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb{L}}^m(\epsilon )\times \mathbb{R}$ with $\mathit{\text{non-constant}}$ mean curvature, we establish that a totally umbilical $c$-biharmonic hypersurface must necessarily be totally geodesic.