Numerical simulation of fractional topological charge in $SU(N)$ gauge theory coupled with ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ 2-form gauge fields

The pure $SU(N)$ gauge theory with a $\theta$ term has the ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ $1$-form global symmetry. When this symmetry is gauged, it is formally established that the topological charge becomes fractional. In this talk, we generate gauge configurations using the HMC method with coupling to the gauged ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ $2$-form gauge field. After smoothing these configurations via the gradient flow method, we numerically confirm that the topological charge has a fractional value. We also anticipate that these higher-form fields can solve the topological freezing problem.